Abolish Death Penalty India: May 2012

Thursday, May 31, 2012

Man sentenced to death for rape and murder

The Mavelikara Additional District and Sessions Court-II on Thursday sentenced to death Viswarajan, 22, of Oachira who was found guilty of the rape and murder of a 34-year-old widow and the mother of a teenaged girl. Pronouncing the sentence, the Judge A.Badarudheen said the court was awarding death penalty as it was the ‘rarest of rare cases.' The Court also asked the accused, Viswarajan, alias ‘Karumadi' of Santhosh Bhavan in Vayanakam in Oachira to pay a penalty of Rs.1 lakh to the victim's daughter. If the convicted person failed to pay the penalty, he would have to undergo additional Rigorous Imprisonment (RI) of six months. Special Public Prosecutor S. Remanan Pillai said Viswarajan had also been sentenced to six months Rigorous Imprisonment (RI) under Section 342 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) (wrongful confinement) and five years RI under Section 376 read with 511 (attempt to rape). The sentences will, however, run concurrently. Habitual offender The judge observed that the accused was a habitual offender and was a threat to the community. Mr. Pillai said the accused had two charges of rape and assault against him in the Ochira police station pending trial and another case of abducting a minor girl and sexually exploiting her. The death sentence was based on ‘circumstantial evidence,' he said. A large crowd of people were present when the verdict was pronounced at 11 a.m. The accused was brought out of the court nearly three hours later, at 2 p.m., and taken in a police vehicle to Thiruvananthapuram Central Jail at Poojapura. A heavy deployment of police under Kayamkulam Deputy Superintendent of Police S. Devamanohar, who also supervised the investigation, was present at the court. The incident occurred at 7 p.m. on October 24, 2011 when the victim was returning home. The accused who was hiding in the dark grabbed the victim and beat her unconscious before sexually assaulting her. He later pushed her into a paddy field. The police and local people rushed her to a hospital. However, she died while being shifted to the Alappuzha Medical College Hospital. The investigation was led by Kayamkulam Circle Inspector A.N.Shanihan, who submitted the report to the court.

Source : http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3477458.ece

Sunday, May 6, 2012

‘Lack of territorial jurisdiction’ cited for refusal to execute Rajoana’s death sentence.

Chandigarh, Sun May 06 2012, 00:22 hrs Lakhwinder Singh Jakhar, Superintendent, Central Jail, Patiala, who had been issued contempt notices by a local court for refusing to execute the death sentence of Balwant Singh Rajoana, has cited lack of territorial jurisdiction for refusing to execute the sentence. In his reply filed on April 25, Jakhar stated that he acted bona fide and without any contempt towards the court. He also said Rajoana could not be hanged at that stage, because the death sentence of his accomplice Jagtar Singh Hawara had been commuted to life imprisonment by the Punjab and Haryana High Court and his (Hawara) appeal was pending before the Supreme Court. A S Grewal, Additional Advocate General, Punjab, and counsel for the Jail Superintendent, said the Supreme Court judgement placed the onus on the Jail Superintendent to report such cases to higher authorities. The judgement avoided injustice where death sentences awarded to two accused for the same crime was commuted to life imprisonment for one and executed in the case of the other, he explained. Rajoana had earlier refused to file a mercy petition before the President of India, and his mercy petition was filed by the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabhandhak Committee under Article 72 of the Constitution of India. The execution was stayed till the final order of the Apex Court in the appeals of his co-accused or till the order of the President of India, whichever was later. Rajoana was awarded death sentence by a CBI special court in July 2007, in the former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh assassination case. On March 19, Jakhar had received a communique from the court of Shalini Nagpal that Rajoana be executed on March 31. In his communique to the judge, Jakhar expressed his inability to execute the sentence on account of “legal infirmities in procedure”. The court had issued notice to Jakhar on March 27, asking him to explain why proceedings under the Contempt of Court Act should not be initiated against him. The case will now come up for hearing on June 6. Source: Indian Express See http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lack-of-territorial-jurisdiction-cited-for-refusal-to-execute-rajoanas-death-sentence./945904/0 [accessed on 7th May 2012]

Contempt proceedings against jail official adjourned

HT Correspondent , Hindustan Times Chandigarh, May 05, 2012 A Chandigarh court on Saturday adjourned the hearing in the contempt of court proceedings against Patiala jail superintendent Lakhwinder Singh Jakhar to June 6. The court of additional district and sessions judge Shalini Nagpal adjourned the hearing for arguments on the reply filed by Jakhar, saying "the court will take up the case on June 6 as there are a lot of other cases to be heard". Jakhar, in his reply before the court on April 25, had tendered an unconditional apology for refusing to execute Beant Singh assassination convict Balwant Singh Rajoana. The court had issued a contempt of court notice to Jakhar for returning the death warrants. "The superintendent, Patiala jail, has not once, but on two occasions, refused to execute the warrants of death sentence by way of written communication on March 19 and March 24. By doing this, he had intended to interfere with the due course of judicial proceedings, obstruct the administration of justice and also lower the authority of the court," the court had observed. Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Patiala/Contempt-proceedings-against-jail-official-adjourned/SP-Article1-851309.aspx [accessed on 7th May 2012]

Friday, May 4, 2012

Death sentence for beheading girl on campus

Press Trust of India | Updated: May 02, 2012 11:47 IST Ranchi: A youth was today sentenced to death by a local court for beheading a girl student in a college campus in Ranchi on April 28 last year. The District and Sessions Court of SH Kazmi pronounced the capital punishment against Vijendra Kumar for severing the head off of intermediate student Khusboo outside an examination hall. The court had on April 26 convicted Kumar for the crime. Kumar, who hails from Jamshedpur, had beheaded Khusboo with a sharp weapon as soon as she came out of the examination hall. He was overpowered by other students and handed over to the Jharkhand police. Source: http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/youth-gets-death-sentence-for-beheading-girl-205137 [accessed on 4th May 2012]

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The Death Penalty Scenario in India

India is one of the 193 countries that retains death penalty. There has always been a few imminent judges who have pronounced compelling verdicts upholding the rights of prisoners on death row. There has been increasing debate in various platforms advocating abolition of death penalty or at least to rethink sentencing policies in India. The Indian government has however always been committed to the retention of the death penalty, irrespective of their political ideology. India has voted against a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) draft resolution on the use of death penalty, saying it goes against the statutory law of the country where an execution is carried out in the "rarest of rare" cases. India retains the death penalty as punishment for a number of crimes including murder, kidnapping, terrorism, desertion, inducement to suicide of a minor or a mentally-retarded person and has more recently in 2013 come to include the offence of rape in certain circumstances. Most recently, there is an outrage over child rape and murder.

After observing an unofficial moratorium of 8 years in India, the Indian Government in November 2012 carried out the execution of Ajmal Kasab, convicted in the Mumbai attacks case, without public knowledge. This was followed by the secret execution of Afzal Guru, convicted in the Parliament attack case of 2001, in February 2013, under similar circumstances, without intimating his immediate family or affording a chance of judicial review. In both cases, the executions were carried out under covert operations conducted by the Government immediately upon rejection of their mercy petitions. Before these executions, the last execution to be carried out in India was that of Dhananjoy Chatterjee in 2004 who was convicted of rape and murder and which sentence was carried out after he had spent 13 years in solitary confinement. Following this, several mercy petitions of death row convicts have come to be rejected. The fear of execution of such convicts is imminent. Bolstered by the Government's unapologetic conduct and public outcry, especially in recent cases of rape and murder reported in the country, the courts are continuing to hand down death sentences at an alarming rate.

In the recent past, there have been a few empirical studies (mainly four) conducted with prisoners on death row. This has highlighted the situation of prisoners on death row.

(1) Most recently the India Exclusion Report 2017-18 found that fair trial rights and guarantees are reduced to a nullity and seeks to breach the citadel of the collective silence. It further said that Convicts on death row in India belong to groups marginalised along the axes of caste, religion, economic vulnerability and educational deprivation, and their fair trial rights, though a part of the Right to Life guaranteed by the Constitution, are invariably non-existent, a survey of 371 out of the 385 persons living under the death sentence and their families has revealed.

(2) Another study was The Death Penalty Research Project (2015) which was conceived with an aim to document the socio-economic profile of prisoners sentenced to death in India and map their experience within the criminal justice system.

There were two other academic studies that were done conducted by Dr. Reena Mary George –

(3)“Voices of prisoners surviving the death row in India” (2014) done through the University of Vienna under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Christoph Reinprecht (Sociology) and Prof. Dr. Manfred Nowak (Law and Ex-United Nations Rapporteur on Torture). George’s research highlights three salient features, namely: poverty, social exclusion and marginalisation are antecedent to death penalty; death penalty is a constructed account by the state machinery; and prisoners on death row situate dignity higher in the juxtaposition of death and dignity.

(4) Another one “Death Penalty – A Human Rights Perspective” (2009) done through the University of Mumbai under the guidance of Retired Justice Hosbet Suresh. This was a study in Maharashtra with the objectives to firstly study the impact of death penalty on the social, mental, and physical being of the inmate and secondly, to study the perception of opinion leaders on death penalty with reference to human rights. All the above reports are public documents.

According to the National Crime Records Bureau, Prison Statistics 2015, there are 101 prisoners sentenced to death. The actual figure of sentences originally awarded is much higher considering the death sentences of 49 convicts came to be commuted to life imprisonment in the said period. As of today, almost in 2019, the figures are unknown through government statistics, however, research centres claim this figure to be around 371 convicts. During the 1980s the Supreme Court sought to restrict the use of the death penalty by characterizing it as a punishment reserved only for the “rarest of the rare” cases. The doctrine has not had the desired effect. According to a former chief justice of the Delhi High Court, Rajindar Sachar: “after the rarest of rare doctrine was introduced in 1980, the Supreme Court confirmed death penalty in 40 per cent of cases in the period 1980-90 while it was 37.7 per cent between 1970 and 1980. For the high courts it rose from 59 per cent in 1970-80 to 65 per cent during 1980-90”. Over the past two decades the death penalty has been extended to include more crimes and been handed down with increasing frequency.

Most recently while commuting a sentence in Supreme Court (2018), Justice Joseph did not seek the reconsideration of the Bachan Singh judgment, but only sought to re-examine the purpose and practice of the death penalty, and whether as a punishment, it serves any goal at all. In other words, the death penalty can continue to remain constitutionally valid because of the Bachan Singh judgment, but its application in substantive cases coming before the court must be restricted to only those cases which meet the criteria laid down in that case.

While updating the blog and conducting my own empirical studies, I observed the heinous nature of the crimes that were committed and thought about the families, about their loss, about the victims who for no fault of their own died. If I lost my relative or a dear friend, would I still oppose death penalty and would I still advocate to abolish the death sentence? Having worked in the criminal justice system and also having the seen the other side, where often it is the marginalized, vulnerable and oppressed who are on death row makes me want to advocate for abolition of this punishment. Victims should definitely get justice for their loss, for their pain. No one should escape the rule of law. As long as humanity exists; crime will exist. Should we not re-consider our sentencing policies?

Reena Mary George